Current-use and legacy pesticides in canal waters of Chiang Mai, Thailand, during longan flowering and fruit set: occurrence and ecological and human health risk assessment.

Patchimaporn Udomkun, Thidarat Rupngam, Margaret Graham, Thirasant Boonupara, Puangrat Kaewlom

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Patchimaporn UdomkunDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. udomkun.patchimaporn@gmail.com.

Thidarat RupngamDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.

Margaret GrahamSchool of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK.

Thirasant BoonuparaLiving Soil Co., Ltd., Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.

Puangrat KaewlomDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. kpuangrat@gmail.com.

Funding

the Program Management Unit for Competitiveness (PMUC) C23F670226

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigated the occurrence of pesticides, their ecological risks, and potential human health implications in irrigation-drainage canals of Chiang Mai's longan orchards during two phenological stages: flowering and easrly fruit development. In total, 25 pesticides were detected, including four fungicides, seven insecticides, and fourteen herbicides, across three canal sites (upstream, midstream, and downstream). Concentration dynamics varied strongly by phenological window and sampling sites along the canal. Among fungicides, carbendazim and hexaconazole increased during fruit set, whereas kresoxim-methyl and metalaxyl declined. For insecticides, carbosulfan peaked during flowering (> 4,200 ng L

Indexed as

FruitPesticidesWater Pollutants, ChemicalEnvironmental MonitoringFlowersHerbicidesHumansRisk AssessmentThailandHerbicidesPesticidesWater Pollutants, ChemicalAgricultural water managementEcological risk assessmentEnvironmental monitoringHuman health riskPesticide contaminationSustainable orchard systems

Identifiers

PMID41872342

DOI10.1038/s41598-026-43950-6

PMCPMC13043868

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.