ArticleThe Journal of international medical research2026
Genetic background and management outcomes in primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia: Implications for diagnosis and treatment-A retrospective cohort study.
Article in The Journal of international medical research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
ObjectivePrimary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) is a rare cause of Cushing syndrome. Recent evidence, particularly the 2023 European Society of Endocrinology guidelines, clinically classifies cortisol excess into overt Cushing syndrome and mild autonomous cortisol secretion. Germline mutations in the Armadillo repeat-containing 5 (ARMC5) gene have been identified in 20%-55% of patients with PBMAH. This study aimed to describe the clinical, radiological, and biochemical characteristics of PBMAH; classify cortisol secretion according to updated guidelines; and evaluate surgical and conservative treatment outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 58 patients with bilateral adrenal macronodules who underwent
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