Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41871882›Full record

ArticleGenome research2026

Complete genetic and epigenetic architecture of D4Z4 macrosatellites in FSHD, BAMS, and reference cohorts with D4Z4End2End.

Lucinda C Xiao, Ayush Semwal, Brianna St John, Kathleen Zeglinski, Shian Su, James Lancaster, Shifeng Xue, Bruno Reversade, Matthew E Ritchie, Frédérique Magdinier and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Lucinda C XiaoThe Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.ORCID 0009-0008-9956-3490
Ayush SemwalThe Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
Brianna St JohnThe Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
Kathleen ZeglinskiThe Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-0608-229X
Shian SuThe Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-0800-3567
James LancasterThe Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.ORCID 0009-0007-7176-0145
Shifeng XueDepartment of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117558, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-4668-5952
Bruno ReversadeLaboratory of Human Genetics and Therapeutics, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-4070-7997
Matthew E RitchieThe Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-7383-0609
Frédérique MagdinierMarseille Medical Genetics, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, Marseille 13005, France.ORCID 0000-0002-0159-9559
Marnie E BlewittThe Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-2984-1474
Quentin GouilThe Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; quentin.gouil@onjcri.org.au.ORCID 0000-0002-5142-7886

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The D4Z4 locus is a macrosatellite array on Chromosome 4q normally comprising 8 to >100 3.3-kb repeat units. Its size and repetitiveness render it refractory to most sequencing technologies; consequently, its genetic and epigenetic architectures remain incompletely understood despite their relevance to facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Current FSHD molecular testing relies on complex, multistep and low-resolution assays, which aim to identify contractions on permissive haplotypes (FSHD type 1) or epigenetic reactivation due to pathogenic variants in the epigenetic machinery, most often in

Indexed as

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4Epigenesis, GeneticMuscular Dystrophy, FacioscapulohumeralChromosomal Proteins, Non-HistoneDNA MethylationHaplotypesHumansChromosomal Proteins, Non-HistoneSMCHD1 protein, human

Identifiers

PMID41871882
PMCPMC13138017

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.