Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41871844›Full record

ReviewBMJ global health2026

A plan for black American reparations.

A Kirsten Mullen, Eugene T Richardson, Mary T Bassett, William A Darity

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in BMJ global health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

A Kirsten MullenArtefactual, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Eugene T RichardsonGlobal Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8437-0671
Mary T BassettFrançois-Xavier Bagnoud (FXB) Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
William A DaritySanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA william.darity@duke.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-1358-9101

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The frequent criticism of a programme of reparations for Black Americans is that, however justified, no feasible blueprint exists for its implementation. We provide a detailed outline of a viable plan for reparations for Black American descendants of persons enslaved in the USA. Central to the plan are monetary payments calculated to eliminate the racial wealth gap, the foremost economic indicator of the cumulative, intergenerational effects of White supremacy. Closing the racial wealth gap can, in turn, contribute significantly to reducing racial disparities in health, including overall life expectancy. By providing a comprehensive and actionable plan, it becomes clear that the primary obstacle to adoption of reparations by the US Congress is political resistance. The article concludes with a discussion of the current political climate regarding reparations in the USA and an assessment of whether there are grounds for optimism for progress in the reparations movement.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanCOVID-19Health PolicyHealth Status DisparitiesHumansPoliticsSocioeconomic Disparities in HealthUnited StatesCOVID-19Health economicsHealth policyPublic Health

Identifiers

PMID41871844
PMCPMC13034248

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.