Study of a lipid extract from Eryx snakes in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis under a therapeutic regimen: comparison with methotrexate and leflunomide.

Ziyovuddin Z Khakimov, Alisher Kh Rakhmanov, Adolat A Ismailova, Umidbek S Akbarov, Ramazan J Rozumbetov, Mukhlisa S Kasimova, Aziza A Talipova, Larisa V Sher

Abstract readComparative Study

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Article in Inflammopharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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8 authors.

Ziyovuddin Z KhakimovDepartment of Pharmacology, Tashkent State Medical University, 2 Farobiy str, 100109, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-0046-5724

Alisher Kh RakhmanovPharmacotoxicology laboratory, Medical Research and Innovation Institute, Tashkent State Medical University, 2 Farobiy str, 100109, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7404-3447

Adolat A IsmailovaLaboratory of fundamental immunology, Institute of Immunology and Human Genomics, 74 Yahyo Gulyamov str, 100060, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3504-9704

Umidbek S AkbarovLaboratory of fundamental immunology, Institute of Immunology and Human Genomics, 74 Yahyo Gulyamov str, 100060, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. akbarov.umid@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-2136-7781

Ramazan J RozumbetovLaboratory of fundamental immunology, Institute of Immunology and Human Genomics, 74 Yahyo Gulyamov str, 100060, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6248-4731

Mukhlisa S KasimovaLaboratory of fundamental immunology, Institute of Immunology and Human Genomics, 74 Yahyo Gulyamov str, 100060, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8089-5152

Aziza A TalipovaLaboratory of fundamental immunology, Institute of Immunology and Human Genomics, 74 Yahyo Gulyamov str, 100060, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-5813-6831

Larisa V SherLaboratory of fundamental immunology, Institute of Immunology and Human Genomics, 74 Yahyo Gulyamov str, 100060, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-7062-6189

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Inflammation-driven joint pathology remains a major cause of disability, motivating the search for safe multi-target therapies. We investigated the anti-inflammatory efficacy and tolerability of a lipid extract of Eryx snakes (LEES) in the rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis (complete Freund's adjuvant). Arthritic rats received once-daily oral treatment from day 15 to day 30 with LEES (50 mg/kg) and were compared with reference drugs (methotrexate 0.05 mg/kg; leflunomide 5 mg/kg) and vehicle controls. Outcomes included paw volume (plethysmometry), local skin temperature (infrared thermometry), and mechanical pain threshold (plantar aesthesiometry); systemic effects were assessed by serum cytokine - interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) - complete blood counts, and histology of joint, liver and spleen. LEES attenuated paw edema and local hyperthermia, increased the mechanical pain threshold, and exerted immunomodulatory effects by regulating the circulating cytokine profile (lowering IL-6 and TNF-α with higher IL-10). Notably, LEES was superior to leflunomide in reducing paw edema and performed comparably to both reference drugs across other key efficacy endpoints. Semi-quantitative histological scoring confirmed that LEES effectively limited articular structural damage without inducing the hepato-splenic toxicity associated with methotrexate. These findings indicate that LEES possesses multimodal immunomodulatory and analgesic actions with a highly favorable tolerability profile, supporting its further preclinical development as a potential adjunct or alternative to existing therapies.

Indexed as

Anti-Inflammatory AgentsArthritis, ExperimentalLeflunomideLipidsMethotrexateAnimalsCytokinesInflammationMaleRatsTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaAnti-Inflammatory AgentsCytokinesLeflunomideLipidsMethotrexateTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaAdjuvant-induced arthritisAnti-inflammatory activityCytokinesEryx snakesLipid extract

Identifiers

PMID41870772

DOI10.1007/s10787-026-02196-4

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