ArticleClinical oral investigations2026
Determinants and therapeutic outcomes of maxillary sinus mucosal thickening in periodontitis: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
aimTo investigate the clinical effects of periodontal therapy and tooth extraction on patients with periodontitis-associated maxillary sinus mucosal thickening.
methodsThis retrospective study included 120 maxillary sinuses from 73 patients with periodontitis-associated mucosal thickening. Of these, 99 received periodontal therapy and 21 underwent tooth extraction. Cone-beam computed tomography was used to evaluate mucosal thickness before and 3 months after treatment. Analyses were performed both in patients with severe alveolar bone loss and after propensity score matching to balance baseline characteristics between treatment groups. Mixed-effects models were performed to identify factors associated with treatment outcomes, accounting for patient-level clustering.
resultsBoth periodontal therapy and tooth extraction resulted in a significant reduction in periodontitis-associated maxillary sinus mucosal thickness (mean change: 2.77 ± 3.73 mm and 2.83 ± 3.34 mm, respectively; P < 0.05). In subgroup analysis, periodontal therapy significantly reduced mucosal thickness in patients with ≥ 1/3 alveolar bone resorption (Grade II: 2.63 ± 3.67 mm, Grade III: 3.34 ± 3.84 mm, P < 0.05), whereas no significant change was observed in those with < 1/3 bone resorption (Grade I: 0.01 ± 0.97 mm, P > 0.05). No clear superiority was observed between extraction and periodontal therapy after accounting for baseline disease severity. Pre-treatment mucosal thickness, age and root-to-sinus distance were also independently associated with treatment outcomes.
conclusionsPeriodontal therapy and tooth extraction both mitigate periodontitis-associated maxillary sinus mucosal thickening, with different applicability. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study provides clinical evidence for managing periodontitis-associated maxillary sinus mucosal thickening: it confirms treatment can reduce thickening, clarifies indications (periodontal therapy for ≥ 1/3 alveolar bone resorption, extraction for unsalvageable teeth), and identifies prognostic factors to guide efficacy prediction and individualized strategies.
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