Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41870559›Full record

SynthesisIntensive care medicine2026

Surviving Sepsis Campaign International Guidelines for the Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock in Children 2026.

Scott L Weiss, Mark J Peters, Simon J W Oczkowski, Emilie Belley-Cote, Corinne Buysse, Karen L M Choong, Akash Deep, David P Inwald, Heidi R Flori, Martin C J Kneyber and 60 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Intensive care medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

70 authors.

Scott L WeissDivision of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Hospital, Wilmington, DE, USA. scott.weiss@nemours.org.
Mark J PetersInfection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, UCL Great Ormond St Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
Simon J W OczkowskiDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Emilie Belley-CoteDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Corinne BuysseDepartment of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Karen L M ChoongDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Akash DeepPaediatric Intensive Care Unit, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
David P InwaldDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Heidi R FloriDivision of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Martin C J KneyberDepartment of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Critical Care Medicine, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Kusum MenonDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Srinivas MurthyCritical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Mark E NunnallyDepartment of Anesthesiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
Margaret M ParkerDepartment of Pediatrics, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Luregn J SchlapbachDepartment of Intensive Care and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Cláudio F OliveiraLatin American Sepsis Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
Lauren R SorceDepartment of Nursing, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Michael AgusDivision of Medical Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Andrew C ArgentDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Fran BalamuthDivision of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Arun BansalDivision of Pediatric Critical Care, Advance Pediatric Center, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
Reinout A BemPediatric Intensive Care Unit, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Joe BrierleyPaediatric Intensive Care Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Karen E A BurnsUnity Health Toronto-St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Erin F CarltonDivision of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Enitan D CarrolDepartment of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool, UK.
Christopher L CarrollDivision of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, UF College of Medicine Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
Michael J CarterCentre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Thomas W ConlonDivision of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Robert DanielsCollege of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Daniele De LucaDivision of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, APHP-Paris Saclay University, "A.Beclere" Medical Centre, Paris, France.
Matteo Di NardoPediatric Intensive Care Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Karolijn DulferDepartment of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Saul N FaustFaculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Jaime Fernandez-SarmientoDepartment of Pediatrics and Intensive Care, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia.
Julie C FitzgeraldDivision of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Mark HallDivision of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
Benson S HsuDivision of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
Etienne JavouheyPediatric Critical Care Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
Koen JoostenDepartment of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Oliver KaramPediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Serena P KellyPediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Hans-Joerg LangHeidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg, Germany.
Jan Hau LeeChildren's Intensive Care Unit, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Joris LemsonDepartment of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Graeme MacLarenCardiothoracic ICU, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Joseph C ManningDivision of Nursing Science, Pregnancy and Child Health, School of Healthcare, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Nilesh MehtaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Luc MorinIHU-SEPSIS Comprehensive Sepsis Centre, Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
Brenda M MorrowDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Simon NadelPaediatric Intensive Care, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK.
Akira NishisakiDivision of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Sandra PongThe Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Sainath RamanChildren's Intensive Care Research Program, Children Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Adrienne G RandolphDepartment of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Suchitra RanjitPediatric ICU, Apollo Children's Hospital, Chennai, India.
Samiran RayPaediatric Intensive Care Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Kenneth E RemyInternal Medicine, Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Case Western School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Halden F ScottDepartment of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
Anna C Sick-SamuelsPediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Daniela C SouzaLatin American Sepsis Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
Tricia SwanPediatric Emergency Department, AdventHealth Ocala, Ocala, FL, USA.
Shane M TibbyDepartment of Paediatric Intensive Care, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK.
Frederic V VallaNutrition Support Team, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
R Scott WatsonDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Matthew O WiensDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Joshua WolfDepartment of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
Jerry J ZimmermanDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Pierre TissieresIHU-SEPSIS Comprehensive Sepsis Centre, Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
Niranjan KissoonDepartment of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo update evidence-based management recommendations for clinicians caring for children (including infants, school-aged children, and adolescents) with sepsis or septic shock.

designA panel of 68 international experts, representing 13 international organizations, as well as six methodologists, was convened. A formal conflict-of-interest policy was developed at the onset of the process and applied throughout. Teleconferences and electronic-based discussion among the chairs, co-chairs, methodologists, and subgroup leads, as well as within subgroups, served as an integral part of the guideline development process.

methodsNew priority topics and recommendations from the prior guideline iteration were used to identify Population, Intervention, Control, and Outcomes (PICO) questions likely to have new or updated evidence. We conducted a systematic review to identify the best available evidence, summarized the evidence, and then assessed the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. We used the evidence-to-decision framework to formulate recommendations as strong or conditional, or as a good practice statement. "In our practice," statements were included when evidence was inconclusive to issue a recommendation, but the panel felt that some guidance based on practice patterns may be appropriate.

resultsThe panel provided 61 statements on the management of children with sepsis or septic shock. Overall, five were strong recommendations, 24 were conditional recommendations, and ten were good practice statements. For 22 PICO questions, no recommendations could be made, but for seven of these, "in our practice" statements were provided. Compared with the 2020 guidelines, 20 recommendations were new, 13 were updated for clarity and/or new evidence, six were reviewed but not changed, and 22 were carried forward based on consensus of the panel that new evidence was not available. Only three recommendations were based on high or moderate certainty of evidence.

conclusionsUpdated management guidelines were issued by a panel of international experts for the best care of children with sepsis or septic shock, acknowledging that most aspects of care continue to have relatively low quality of evidence.

Indexed as

Practice Guidelines as TopicSepsisShock, SepticAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolEvidence-Based MedicineHumansInfantEvidence-based medicineGuidelinesInfectionPediatricsSepsisSeptic shockSurviving Sepsis Campaign

Identifiers

PMID41870559

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.