Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41870027›Full record

ArticleAnalytical chemistry2026

Automated Online Direct mRNA Sequence Mapping Using Partial RNase T1 Digests.

Jessica S Dale, Emma N Welbourne, Caroline A Evans, Thomas C Minshull, Alexander B Schwahn, Fiona Rupprecht, Ken Cook, Kate A Loveday, Zoltan Kis, Mark J Dickman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Analytical chemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jessica S DaleSchool of Chemical, Materials and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
Emma N WelbourneSchool of Chemical, Materials and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
Caroline A EvansSchool of Chemical, Materials and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
Thomas C MinshullSchool of Chemical, Materials and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
Alexander B SchwahnThermo Fisher Scientific (Schweiz) AG, Neuhofstrasse 11, Reinach 4153, Switzerland.
Fiona RupprechtThermo Fisher Scientific (Schweiz) AG, Neuhofstrasse 11, Reinach 4153, Switzerland.
Ken CookThermo Fisher Scientific, Stafford House, 1 Boundary Park, Hemel Hempstead HP2 7GE, U.K.ORCID 0000-0001-5176-7736
Kate A LovedaySchool of Chemical, Materials and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
Zoltan KisSchool of Chemical, Materials and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
Mark J DickmanSchool of Chemical, Materials and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.ORCID 0000-0002-9236-0788

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mass spectrometry-based approaches have emerged as powerful tools for the analysis of a wide range of critical quality attributes of mRNA medicines, including sequence identity, 5' capping efficiency, and 3' poly(A) tail length and heterogeneity. These critical quality attributes can impact the quality, safety, and efficacy of mRNA medicines. In this study, we have utilized online partial RNase T1 digests in conjunction with two-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (2D LC-MS) for the direct sequence mapping of mRNA. Automated online partial RNase T1 digests are performed in conjunction with ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography. No sample or solvent manipulation is required following online RNase digestions, demonstrating the simplicity of the method. High-resolution tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the corresponding oligoribonucleotides and generate mRNA sequence maps. High sequence coverage (93-99%) for eGFP mRNA was obtained in <60 min based only on unique oligoribonucleotide identifications. Moreover, the online partial RNase T1 digests result in controlled, fully automated and reproducible mRNA digests, enabling high-throughput, direct mRNA sequence mapping studies. The online partial RNase digests offer significant advantages over existing methods for rapid, automated mRNA identity testing. Furthermore, precise control of the digest conditions via flow rate and temperature of the online RNase T1 digest, enables multiattribute monitoring of 5' capping efficiency, mRNA sequence mapping, and 3' poly(A) tail length and heterogeneity in a fully automated 2D LC-MS workflow.

Indexed as

Ribonuclease T1RNA, MessengerSequence Analysis, RNAAutomationBase SequenceGreen Fluorescent ProteinsLiquid Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryTandem Mass Spectrometryenhanced green fluorescent proteinGreen Fluorescent ProteinsRibonuclease T1RNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID41870027
PMCPMC13063217

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.