Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41869987›Full record

ArticleActa paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)2026

Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Hospitalisation in Immunocompromised Children: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Italy and Norway.

Costanza Di Chiara, Riccardo Boracchini, Nhung T H Trinh, Arianna Giugni, Giulia Sturniolo, Elisa Visonà, Ali Judd, Marthe Le Prevost, Claire Thorne, Pia Hardelid and 4 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Costanza Di ChiaraDepartment for Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3586-0612
Riccardo BoracchiniDepartment of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Division of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8339-9485
Nhung T H TrinhPharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, and PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2794-5322
Arianna GiugniDepartment of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Division of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Giulia SturnioloDepartment for Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Elisa VisonàDepartment for Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Ali JuddPenta - Child Health Research, Padua, Italy.
Marthe Le PrevostMedical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5505-9809
Claire ThorneUniversity College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
Pia HardelidCentre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
Carlo GiaquintoDepartment for Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Angela LupattelliPharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, and PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Daniele DonàDepartment for Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Anna CantaruttiDepartment of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Division of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.

Funding

European Health and Digital Executive AgencyEuropean Union VERDI project (101045989)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimImmunocompromised children (IC) were presumed to be at higher risk of SARS-COV-2 infection and severe COVID-19, but population-based evidence is limited. We assessed infection risk, COVID-19 hospitalisation, and severe outcomes in IC compared with children with and without other high-risk conditions.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study using electronic health registries from Italy and Norway, including children aged 1-14 years from February 2020-February 2022. Children were classified as IC, non-immunocompromised with high-risk conditions (non-IC), or reference children (RC). Adjusted models estimated infection hospitalisation risks.

resultsWe included 29 520 children (IC = 201, non-IC = 5 144, RC = 24 175) in Italy and 851 517 (IC = 4 862, non-IC = 157 358, RC = 689 297) in Norway. Infection rates were similar across groups in both countries. Hospitalisations were rare in both datasets; however, in the Norwegian cohort, the aHR for hospitalisation was 5.29 (95% CI: 2.49-11.25) for IC vs. RC and 2.30 (95% CI: 1.10-4.82) for IC vs. non-IC. Zero and five severe cases occurred in Italy and Norway, respectively.

conclusionsIC did not have an increased risk of infection but experienced higher hospitalisation rates despite a low incidence of severe disease. This pattern may reflect precautionary clinical management rather than increased disease severity.

Indexed as

COVID-19HospitalizationImmunocompromised HostAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesFemaleHumansInfantItalyMaleNorwayRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsCOVID‐19 hospitalisationCOVID‐19 severityimmunocompromised childrenpopulation‐basedSARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Identifiers

PMID41869987
PMCPMC13250967

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.