ArticleFrontiers in oral health2026
Effect of minimally invasive non-surgical periodontal therapy in former smokers with periodontitis on salivary IL-1β and PGE-2 profile.
Article in Frontiers in oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Objectives: Limited data are available regarding salivary inflammatory marker levels following conventional versus minimally invasive non-surgical periodontal therapy and smoking cessation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of conventional non-surgical periodontal therapy (CNST) versus minimally invasive non-surgical periodontal therapy (MINST) on the levels of salivary inflammatory markers, specifically interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), in patients with stage III grade A/B periodontitis. Moreover, it investigated the impact of smoking cessation on these biomarkers and compared outcomes among smokers, non-smokers (NS), and individuals who quit smoking. Methods: A randomized controlled biochemical trial was conducted with 40 patients divided into four groups: smokers who quit and received conventional therapy (SQ1), smokers who quit and received minimally invasive therapy (SQ2), smokers continuing to smoke (SC), and NS. Results: Both the SQ2 and NS groups reported significant reductions in salivary PGE2 and IL-1β levels at both observation periods compared with the SC group. Conclusions: MINST appeared more effective in controlling inflammatory markers among patients who quit smoking compared with conventional non-surgical therapy.
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