Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41869280›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)2026

Sector-specific Long-term Associations Between Transportation, Industrial, and Residential Combustion Air Pollutant Mixtures (PM

Kimberly Mitchell, Chris Hebbern, Annalise Ferro, Toyib Olaniyan, Tanya Christidis, Jasmine D Cakmak, Mathieu Rouleau, Angelos T Anastasopolos, Ivana Popadic, Markey Johnson and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Kimberly MitchellEnvironmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Chris HebbernClimate Change and Health Office, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Annalise FerroEnvironmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Toyib OlaniyanHealth Analysis and Modelling Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Tanya ChristidisHealth Analysis and Modelling Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Jasmine D CakmakThe Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Mathieu RouleauWater and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Angelos T AnastasopolosWater and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Ivana PopadicMeteorological Service of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dorval, Quebec, Canada.
Markey JohnsonWater and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Naizhuo ZhaoResearch Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Michael TjepkemaHealth Analysis and Modelling Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Sabit CakmakEnvironmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9921-2107

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Improving air quality requires addressing sector-specific air pollution (SSAP). This study examined the relationship between long-term SSAP and Alzheimer's disease and dementia mortality in Canada, and whether associations were modified by neighborhood greenness, educational attainment, and material deprivation. Methods: We used data from the 2006 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort with mortality follow-up through 2019, linked to the Canadian Vital Statistics-Death database. Annual exposures to ambient air pollutants (i.e., PM Results: Alzheimer's disease mortality was most strongly associated with SSAP from residential fuel combustion (RES: HR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.43), and was also positively associated with emissions from on-road transportation (HR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.32), ore and mineral industries (ORE: HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.24), air-marine-rail transportation (HR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.18), and manufacturing (MAN: HR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.11), while inverse associations were observed for the oil and gas sector (HR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.88). Dementia mortality was positively associated with oil and gas (HR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.09), and inversely associated with air-marine-rail transportation (HR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.92) and ORE (HR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.92). Associations were generally stronger in lower greenness areas and among individuals with lower educational attainment, although heterogeneity by sector was observed. Conclusion: SSAP mixtures were associated with Alzheimer's disease and dementia mortality in Canada. The direction and magnitude of associations varied by sector and by environmental and sociodemographic context, supporting the value of targeted, sector-specific mitigation strategies to reduce neurodegenerative mortality risk.

Indexed as

Air pollutionEnvironmental epidemiologyEnvironmental HealthMortalityNeurological diseasesSector

Identifiers

PMID41869280
PMCPMC13004229

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.