ArticleAmerican journal of translational research2026
Botulinum toxin type A inhibits chronic post-thoracotomy pain through the HMGB1-mediated TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Article in American journal of translational research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo elucidate the analgesic role and underlying mechanism of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in chronic post-thoracotomy pain (CPTP).
methodsPostoperative wound scar tissues were collected from patients with and without CPTP. Histopathologic changes were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, and the expression levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were assessed. Spinal microglia were cultured
resultsH&E staining showed strong inflammatory cell infiltration and upregulated expression of
conclusionsBTX-A may alleviate post-thoracotomy pain by downregulating the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway, thereby reducing the secretion of inflammatory factors and inhibiting microglial activation.
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