ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2026
Identifying subtypes of suicidality: a second larger consensus study in emergency clinical psychiatric practice.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: A model has been developed to distinguish subtypes of pathways to entrapment leading to suicidality in clinical mental health practice. The (hypothetical) 4-type Model of Entrapment ((h)4ME) delineates four subtypes of suicidality: I) Perceptual Disintegration (PD), II) Primary Depressive Cognition (PDC), III) Psychosocial Turmoil (PT) and IV) Inadequate Coping/Communication (IC). Objective: To examine the model's usability and feasibility in a larger cohort of suicidal patients (n= 75) following a pilot study. Methods: Consultation reports to general practitioners of 75 suicidal emergency patients were independently allocated to subtypes by three psychiatrists and three nurses using the SUICIDI-3 tool. This tool describes the proposed subtypes. Interrater agreement was assessed by calculating Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs). Absolute and dimensional type agreement was established to assess the model's usability and the SUICIDI-3 tools feasibility. Results: All raters were able to assign cases to subtypes. Excellent absolute Type Agreement (aTA) was observed for PD (0.96) and PDC (0.92), and good aTA for PT (0.83) and IC (0.83). For dimensional Type Agreement (dTA) the ICC was excellent for PD (0.97), PDC (0.95) and IC 0.92), and good for PT (0.88). Conclusions: The (h)4ME demonstrates promising usability and feasibility when tested by staff of psychiatric emergency services. Replication studies of samples of various clinical, demographic or ethnic origin and of diverse professional background and contexts are needed to confirm the consistency of these findings.
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