Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41868749›Full record

ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026

A Measurement Model to Quantify Systemic Bacilli Load in Severe HIV-Associated Tuberculosis.

Bianca Sossen, Charlotte Schutz, Linda Boloko, Tobias Broger, Amy Ward, Abulele Bekiswa, Avuyonke Balfour, Muki Shey, Graeme Meintjes, David Adam Barr

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Bianca SossenDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6028-3351
Charlotte SchutzDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8329-6158
Linda BolokoDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2418-0048
Tobias BrogerDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7959-1055
Amy WardDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8430-0999
Abulele BekiswaWellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-7418
Avuyonke BalfourWellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-449X
Muki SheyDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8776-4737
Graeme MeintjesDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1196-4414
David Adam BarrDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2922-9381

Funding

HIV-associated Tuberculosis Training Program (HATTP)D43TW010559 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN · PI Graeme Ayton Meintjes · 2017 to 2026
$3.0M
FIC NIH HHS D43 TW010559Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pathogen load is considered fundamental to infection pathobiology but is unobserved or inadequately measured. We used latent variable modeling to characterize HIV-associated tuberculosis mycobacterial load in 519 inpatients. Tests on urine and blood, not sputum, showed substantial covariance. Summarizing covariance via measurement models estimated pathogen loads with stronger correlation with host inflammation and mortality than traditional measures such as blood culture time to positivity.

Indexed as

biomarkerdisseminationlatent class analysispathogen loadtuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID41868749
PMCPMC13001588

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.