ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2026
Spatiotemporal trends of pelvic organ prolapse incidence in North American swine breeding herds and association with climatic factors.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Sow mortality in the U. S. has nearly doubled, rising from 5.68% in 1997 to 14.5% in 2022. Recent studies cite sudden death, prolapses, lameness, PRRSV outbreaks, trauma, and infections as key contributors. Among these, pelvic organ prolapse (POP)-including uterine, vaginal, and rectal prolapses-has become a major global cause of sow mortality and morbidity. However, contemporary research on POP in North America is limited. This study addresses this gap by analyzing POP incidence in North American swine farms between 2019 and 2024 to (1) describe the spatiotemporal distribution of POP incidence, (2) identify significant clusters of increased POP incidence in space and time, and (3) evaluate potential associations between climatic factors (e.g., temperature, atmospheric moisture, wind speed, soil moisture) and POP incidence. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize trends, SaTScan was utilized for cluster analysis, and a zero-inflated beta regression model assessed associations between POP incidence and environmental factors. Results revealed a rising trend in POP across over 100 farms in the U. S. and Canada from 2019 to 2024, with consistently higher incidence occurring during colder months. We identified two significant clusters (
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