Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41868282›Full record

ArticleTremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.)2026

Multidimensional Phenotyping of Orthostatic Tremor and Orthostatic Myoclonus: Baseline Findings from a Longitudinal Clinical Study.

Giridhar S Immanni, Anish Mehta, Prabhudev M Hiremath, Thyagarajan Shivashanmugam, Chandrasekhar Enuguri, Pradeep Rangaiah, Mahendra Javali, Purushottam Acharya

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Article in Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Giridhar S ImmanniDepartment of Neurology, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India.ORCID 0009-0000-1574-1803
Anish MehtaDepartment of Neurology, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India.ORCID 0000-0003-0200-1835
Prabhudev M HiremathDepartment of Neurology, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India.ORCID 0000-0002-8482-161X
Thyagarajan ShivashanmugamPlaceboes Research Foundation, Bengaluru, India.ORCID 0009-0006-6932-2528
Chandrasekhar EnuguriDepartment of Neurology, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India.ORCID 0009-0003-2743-0473
Pradeep RangaiahDepartment of Neurology, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India.ORCID 0000-0002-8427-3457
Mahendra JavaliDepartment of Neurology, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India.ORCID 0000-0002-1094-7965
Purushottam AcharyaDepartment of Neurology, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India.ORCID 0000-0002-8225-5300

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Orthostatic tremor (OT) and orthostatic myoclonus (OM) are rare weight-bearing hyperkinetic disorders defined electrophysiologically but often overlap clinically. Prior studies were limited to small series with little assessment of comorbidities, functional outcomes, or treatments. The Longitudinal Orthostatic Tremor Study (LOTS) was initiated to address these gaps through multidimensional phenotyping. Methods: Baseline data from 58 consecutively identified patients with OT or OM at a tertiary neurology center in India were analyzed. Clinical evaluation, surface electromyography (sEMG), neuroimaging, and comorbidity screening were performed. Severity was assessed with the OT-10 scale, functional status with the Orthostatic Tremor Impact Profile (OTIP), and quality of life with the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Variables were organized into five analytical domains-demographics, phenomenology, comorbidities, functional outcomes, and treatments-and compared across OT vs OM, primary vs secondary OT, and high- vs low-frequency OT. Results: Fifty-two patients had OT (89.7%) and six had OM (10.3%). Demographics were broadly similar, though age was associated with high-frequency OT (P = .012). Phenomenological features overlapped, with twitching linked to secondary OT (P = .022). Dementia, polyneuropathy, and diabetes were more common in OM and secondary OT (P < .05). Functional outcomes were comparable, except for higher pain scores in secondary OT (P = .026). Clonazepam was most prescribed; other agents showed inconsistent associations. Discussion: Baseline LOTS findings show broad overlap across diagnostic domains, indicating that sEMG-based labels alone do not capture heterogeneity. Multidimensional approaches, including Disease burden index and latent class analysis, may refine classification and guide individualized management. Highlights: This study presents the first structured multidimensional phenotyping of orthostatic tremor and orthostatic myoclonus, integrating clinical, electrophysiological, comorbidity, functional, and treatment domains. Findings demonstrate diagnostic overlap and support multidimensional approaches for refining classification and guiding individualized management across orthostatic hyperkinetic syndromes.

Indexed as

DizzinessMyoclonusTremorAdultAgedElectromyographyFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedPhenotypeQuality of LifeSeverity of Illness IndexDiagnostic StratificationFunctional OutcomesOrthostatic MyoclonusOrthostatic TremorSurface Electromyography

Identifiers

PMID41868282
PMCPMC13004056

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.