ArticleJCEM case reports2026
A case series of hypercalcemia associated with pembrolizumab therapy: evidence for a calcitriol-mediated mechanism.
Article in JCEM case reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors enhance antitumor immunologic activity by blocking interaction between inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors. Pembrolizumab blocks the programmed cell death (PD-1) receptor and has been effective in the treatment of many malignancies. While many immune-related endocrinologic adverse effects have been described, immunotherapy-induced hypercalcemia is a rare adverse effect. We present 2 cases of patients who developed pembrolizumab-induced hypercalcemia. Both patients achieved resolution of hypercalcemia with discontinuation of pembrolizumab along with treatment with intravenous fluids, calcitonin, anti-resorptive therapy with either bisphosphonate or denosumab, and glucocorticoid therapy. These cases demonstrate the importance of recognizing immune checkpoint inhibitors as potential causes of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-independent hypercalcemia.
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