ArticleJournal of arrhythmia2025
Explosion Risk of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices During Cremation: Experimental and Survey Findings From Japan.
Article in Journal of arrhythmia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Explosion Risk of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices During Cremation: Experimental and Survey Findings From Japan.Journal of arrhythmia · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The widespread use of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), combined with increasing global cremation rates, has raised concerns regarding potential explosion risks during cremation. Lithium batteries within these devices may rupture due to heat-induced internal pressure, potentially threatening crematorium infrastructure and staff safety. Despite these concerns, real-world data on explosion behavior and its consequences remain limited. This study aimed to assess the explosion characteristics of CIEDs during cremation and evaluate their impact on facility safety, with the goal of informing evidence-based guidelines. Methods: Combustion experiments were performed using full-scale cremation furnaces set at 1100°C and 800°C. A total of 13 CIEDs (7 pacemakers and 6 implantable cardioverter-defibrillators) were tested, with synchronized audio-video monitoring. Additionally, nationwide survey data were collected from 2044 crematoria across Japan, focusing on cremation practices, reported damage, and staff injuries. Results: All tested devices exploded, with mean ignition-to-explosion times of 4.3 ± 1.1 min at 1100°C and 5.4 ± 2.0 min at 800°C ( Conclusions: Cremation of CIEDs without removal appears safe under modern, regulated facilities. However, region-specific guidelines remain necessary due to international variability in infrastructure and practices.
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Registered trials
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