ArticleInfection and drug resistance2026
Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Properties of Ma'in Hot Springs Targeting Bacteria Isolated from Diabetic Foot Ulcers.
Article in Infection and drug resistance, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a serious complication of diabetes, which is worsened by biofilm-forming bacterial infections that can contribute to antibiotic resistance and delayed wound healing. This study explores the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties of Ma'in Hot Springs Water (MHSW) against Methods: The chemical composition of MHSW was determined using LC-MS, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and heavy metal profiling. Antimicrobial efficacy was determined through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination, bacterial growth kinetics, and biofilm inhibition assays. Results: The results demonstrated a dose-dependent antibacterial effect. Biofilm formation, exopolysaccharide production, and bacterial adhesion were reduced in treated samples. Moreover, MHSW disrupted virulence factors such as plasma coagulation and metallo-β-lactamase production. It was also found to be non-cytotoxic. Discussion: These findings demonstrate the potential of MHSW as an alternative or adjunctive treatment for DFU infections. However, the presence of heavy metals exceeding safety limits requires further investigation to determine their optimal concentration for clinical usage.
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