ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026
Maxillary mesenchymal chondrosarcoma harboring
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS) is a rare and highly aggressive subtype of chondrosarcoma, accounting for less than 1% of all chondrosarcomas. It predominantly affects adolescents and young adults and frequently arises in craniofacial bones and soft tissues. Diagnosis is challenging because of significant histological overlap with other high-grade spindle cell sarcomas, particularly when the cartilaginous component is minimal or absent. The identification of the Case presentation: We report the case of a 13-year-old girl who presented with a 3-month history of progressive right cheek swelling. Imaging revealed a destructive mass in the right maxillary sinus. Histopathological evaluation demonstrated a high-grade spindle cell tumor, initially interpreted as fibrosarcoma, showing diffuse vimentin positivity, a high Ki-67 proliferation index (35%-40%), and CD34 negativity. Comprehensive molecular analysis confirmed a pathogenic Conclusion: This case highlights the pivotal role of molecular diagnostics-particularly RNA sequencing-in establishing the diagnosis of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and differentiating it from other high-grade pediatric sarcomas with overlapping morphology. Identification of the
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