Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41867500›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2026

Adhesive hydrogel delivering ALA prevents the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia.

Lin Lin, Jianchuan Ran, Yan Zhang, Shilin Guo, Xiteng Yin, Chuanchao Tang, Yufeng Wang, Wei Han, Wenmei Wang, Chuanhui Song

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Lin LinNanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Jianchuan RanNanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Yan ZhangNanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Shilin GuoNanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Xiteng YinNanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Chuanchao TangNanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Yufeng WangNanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Wei HanNanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Wenmei WangNanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Chuanhui SongNanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown promising efficacy for oral leukoplakia (OLK); however, its effectiveness is often compromised by the dynamic and wet oral environment, which impedes drug retention and complicates the maintenance of therapeutic concentrations. To overcome these limitations, we developed a mucoadhesive hydrogel composed of acrylic acid (AA), chitosan (CHI), and polydopamine for the controlled delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). The resulting ALA-loaded hydrogel (ALA-Gel) was synthesized via chemical cross-linking and demonstrated excellent wet adhesion capable of withstanding salivary flow, alongside sustained ALA release profiles. In vitro, ALA-Gel-mediated PDT markedly enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and induced potent cytotoxicity in leukoplakia cells, while maintaining high biocompatibility with normal human keratinocytes. In a rat OLK model, the hydrogel achieved prolonged intraoral retention. Upon laser irradiation (632 nm, 100 mW cm

Indexed as

5-Aminolevulinic acidDrug deliveryHydrogelOral leukoplakiaPhotodynamic therapy

Identifiers

PMID41867500
PMCPMC13000714

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.