Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41866856›Full record

ArticleSmall methods2026

In Situ UV Torsional Force Spectroscopy for Real-Time Mapping of Cross-linking Kinetics and Mechanical Properties in Polymeric Films.

Marvin Hoffer, Felix Petersein, Martin Dehnert, Tobias Andreas Lintner, Hikmet Sezen, Jan Philipp Hofmann, Christian Dietz

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Article in Small methods, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Marvin HofferPhysics of Surfaces, Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7683-1393
Felix PeterseinPhysics of Surfaces, Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
Martin DehnertChemische Physik, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3965-4792
Tobias Andreas LintnerPhysics of Surfaces, Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
Hikmet SezenSurface Science Laboratory, Department of Materials and Geosciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5438-3305
Jan Philipp HofmannSurface Science Laboratory, Department of Materials and Geosciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5765-1096
Christian DietzPhysics of Surfaces, Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4134-7516

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 467382377
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An advanced in situ ultraviolet (UV) torsional force spectroscopy (TFS) technique is introduced for real-time mapping of in-plane nanomechanical properties in UV-cross-linked poly(1,4-butadiene) (PB) films on the nanoscale. This approach combines UV illumination and torsional force spectroscopy, offering high-resolution insights into in-plane shear stress, storage shear modulus, and dissipated energy throughout thiol-ene cross-linking reactions. Complementary swelling experiments provide a direct correlation between increasing UV dose, cross-linking density, and mechanical stiffness. Ex situ measurements confirm the reliability of this in situ method with only minor deviations attributed to UV scattering effects and experimental variations. The reduced stiffness and increased heterogeneity observed by TFS in PB films containing phase-separated polystyrene (PS) domains are associated with changes in the spatial distribution of the cross-linking agent and the resulting mechanical response of the PB matrix, consistent with complementary X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS) analyses. Overall, this work establishes in situ UV torsional force spectroscopy as a predictive and quantitative method to optimize UV curing conditions and additive concentrations for tailoring the mechanical properties and performance of polymeric materials.

Indexed as

atomic force microscopycross‐linking densityin situ spectroscopynanomechanicspolymer filmstorsional force spectroscopyUV cross‐linking

Identifiers

PMID41866856
PMCPMC13103639

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.