Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41866512›Full record

ArticleAnalytical and bioanalytical chemistry2026

Ion chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry-quality assurance by co-injection of internal standards.

Joana Flottmann, Torsten C Schmidt, Tobias Schips, Ronja Schmidt, Tobias Bader, Rudi Winzenbacher, Wolfram Seitz

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Article in Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Joana FlottmannFaculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
Torsten C SchmidtFaculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
Tobias SchipsFaculty of Chemistry, Aalen University of Applied Sciences, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany.
Ronja SchmidtFaculty of Chemistry, Aalen University of Applied Sciences, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany.
Tobias BaderLaboratory for Operation Control and Research, Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129, Langenau, Germany.
Rudi WinzenbacherLaboratory for Operation Control and Research, Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129, Langenau, Germany.
Wolfram SeitzLaboratory for Operation Control and Research, Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129, Langenau, Germany. Seitz.W@lw-online.de.

Funding

Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt 02WGW1668D
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Highly polar and mobile organic substances challenge water analysis due to their persistence, high solubility, and incomplete removal during conventional drinking-water treatment. Their ionic or ionisable nature makes them suitable for ion chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (IC-HRMS), enabling direct injection of aqueous samples and retention of small anions. In this study, an IC-HRMS method was developed and validated for 23 highly polar contaminants, including haloacetic acids, pesticide transformation products, and other mobile and persistent compounds. Limits of quantification ranged from 0.03 to 0.37 µg/L in a linear range of 0.01-100 µg/L. Autosampler-based co-injection of stable isotope-labelled internal standards enabled continuous quality control of retention time, signal intensity, and mass accuracy. Retention time deviations over 4 months of measuring remained below 12 s and mass deviations below 2 ppm, demonstrating robust performance. Application to samples along the drinking-water treatment train confirmed the presence of persistent and mobile substances in the low µg/L range, including trifluoroacetic acid, sulfamic acid, cyanuric acid, and chlorothalonil transformation products. These results demonstrate that IC-HRMS with automated co-injection is a reliable tool for routine monitoring of highly polar anionic contaminants in water.

Indexed as

Co-injectionHighly polar compoundsIon chromatography (IC)PMTQuality assurancevPvM

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.