Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41866482›Full record

Trial reportBMC geriatrics2026

Distinct mobility facets and their association with intrinsic capacity domains in (pre-)frail community-dwelling older adults: an application of the unified framework for measuring mobility.

Christian Werner, Tim Fleiner, Corinna Nerz, Gisela Büchele, Vanessa Haug, Christian Grüneberg, Martina Schäufele, Kilian Rapp, Jürgen M Bauer

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC geriatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Christian WernerGeriatric Center, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. christian.werner@med.uni-heidelberg.de.ORCID 0000-0003-0679-3227
Tim FleinerInstitute for Geriatric Research, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2949-940X
Corinna NerzDepartment of Clinical Gerontology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5160-796X
Gisela BücheleInstitute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-9881-7796
Vanessa HaugInstitute for Geriatric Research, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0009-0001-6475-2039
Christian GrünebergDepartment of Nursing, Midwifery and Therapeutic Sciences, Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Bochum, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8870-8457
Martina SchäufeleDepartment of Social Work, Technical University of Applied Sciences Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9109-7375
Kilian RappDepartment of Clinical Gerontology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1625-2571
Jürgen M BauerGeriatric Center, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7379-0646

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMaintaining mobility is essential for healthy aging. A recently proposed unified framework conceptualizes mobility through three facets: actual mobility, perceived mobility, and locomotor capacity. Identifying determinants of each facet is important for understanding mobility and informing tailored mobility-focused interventions. This is particularly relevant for (pre-)frail older adults, who are especially vulnerable to mobility decline. The aim of this study was to examine associations of the three mobility facets with intrinsic capacity (IC) domains and environmental factors in this population.

methodsThis cross-sectional study used baseline data from 385 (pre-)frail community-dwelling older participants (81.2 ± 5.9 years, 73.5% women) of the randomized controlled PromeTheus trial. Actual mobility was assessed with the Life-Space Assessment, perceived mobility with the function component of the Late-Life Function & Disability Instrument, and locomotor capacity with the Short Physical Performance Battery (lower extremity function). Other IC domains included vitality (fatigue, nutritional status, handgrip strength), psychological (concerns about falling, global affect, loneliness), sensory (sensory index based on specialist visits), and cognitive (global function) capacities. Environmental factors comprised living situation, social network, city size, and weather conditions. Bivariate analyses identified candidate variables for multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics.

resultsIn the multivariable analyses, actual mobility was positively associated with lower extremity function, nutritional status, social network, and sunshine duration. Perceived mobility was positively associated with lower extremity function, handgrip strength, city size, and negatively with concerns about falling. Locomotor capacity was positively associated with handgrip strength, cognitive function, city size, and cohabitation, and negatively with concerns about falling.

conclusionsThe study revealed shared and facet-specific associations of actual mobility, perceived mobility, and locomotor capacity with IC domains and environmental factors. These findings highlight the multifactorial nature of mobility and may inform mobility-focused interventions that consider both shared and facet-specific determinants in (pre-)frail community-dwelling older adults.

trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register ( DRKS00024638 ); prospectively registered on March 11, 2021.

Indexed as

Frail ElderlyGeriatric AssessmentIndependent LivingMobility LimitationAgedAged, 80 and overAging in PlaceCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleFrailtyFunctional abilityGeriatricsIntrinsic capacityLocomotionMobility limitationOlder adults

Identifiers

PMID41866482
PMCPMC13064322

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.