Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41865076›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Honey bee genetic resistance outperforms a cold-storage induced halt in brood production to control mites and viruses.

William G Meikle, Milagra Weiss, Daniela Adjaye, Vincent A Ricigliano

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

William G MeikleCarl Hayden Bee Research Center, USDA-ARS, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA. william.meikle@usda.gov.
Milagra WeissCarl Hayden Bee Research Center, USDA-ARS, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA.
Daniela AdjayeHoney Bee Breeding, Genetics, and Physiology Research, USDA-ARS, Baton Rouge, LA, 70820, USA.
Vincent A RiciglianoInvasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Varroa destructor mites seriously threaten honey bees by spreading viruses like Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) and contributing to global colony losses. Growing resistance to widely-applied miticides highlights the urgent need for sustainable mite control methods. This study evaluated the impact of a cold storage strategy to decrease bee brood production, and increase mite treatment efficacy, in a commercial Italian bee stock and mite-resistant Russian and Pol-line bee stocks, from prior to cold storage in August until the start of the commercial pollination season the following February. For each year of two years, thirty new bee colonies (10 colonies per stock) were either placed in cold storage (5 °C, darkness, 18 days) starting mid August or left outdoors, and all hives subsequently treated with a thymol-based varroacide. Colony brood area, adult bee mass, hive weight, internal temperature and CO₂ levels were monitored during the experiments using periodic hive assessments as well as sensors. Honey bee workers were sampled at different points and evaluated for bee health biomarker gene expression (vitellogenin) as well as virus levels of DWV-A and DWV-B. Cold storage effectively halted brood production but differences in brood levels between groups disappeared within two months, with no long-term impact on population size, mite levels, virus loads, or daily hive weight change. Bee stock was the dominant factor influencing outcomes: mite susceptible Italian colonies had higher mite densities, higher DWV loads, lower vitellogenin expression and higher rates of hive weight loss than Russian or Pol-line colonies. In this study mite-resistant honey bee stocks offered more effective control, reducing mite loads by over 65% compared to the susceptible stock, across both years and both treatment groups of the study, and they have the potential to support honey bee health by reducing reliance on chemical treatments in beehives.

Indexed as

Disease ResistanceVarroidaeAnimalsBeesCold TemperatureRNA VirusesVitellogeninsVitellogeninsBee stockColony healthDeformed Wing VirusHive CO2 concentrationPol-lineThermoregulationVarroaVitellogenin

Identifiers

PMID41865076
PMCPMC13066380

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.