ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026
Evaluation of the effect of metronidazole administration on the pathophysiology of trichomonas vaginalis infection among pregnant women in Ghana.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTrichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis, a frequently diagnosed infection that accounts for more than half of non-viral sexually transmitted diseases. An increased in the expression of surface proteins of T. vaginalis such as cysteine proteinases coupled with increased epithelial and pus cell levels are associated with the pathogenesis of the parasite. Metronidazole (MTZ) remains the drug of choice for its treatment. This study aimed to identify parasite-specific treatment response protein biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis of Trichomoniasis in urine and the impact of MTZ on pathophysiological factors of the infection.
methodsA prospective longitudinal study design was employed. Prior to sample collection, ethical approval was obtained from the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research Institution Review Board with reference number 005/16–17. Informed consent from respondents was obtained prior to the collection of urine samples. Demographic information was obtained using semi-structured questionnaire developed specifically for this study. Pregnant women were recruited from selected polyclinics in Greater Accra. After metronidazole administration, urine specimen was collected and wet mount preparation was made and examined for the presence of motile trophozoites of T. vaginalis, pus cells, and epithelial cells. Urine proteins were precipitated, purified, and separated using Sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to examine their expression patterns.
resultsThe prevalence of T. vaginalis infection among pregnant women in Accra was 1.96%. Four unknown proteins designated UP105.4, UP84.9, UP71.3 and UP27.6 showed differential expression in response to in-vivo metronidazole administration. These proteins were tagged as possible metronidazole treatment response biomarkers.
conclusionDifferences in the level of protein expression and pathophysiological factors were observed in response to metronidazole administration. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.