ArticleInternational journal of pharmaceutics2026
Colistin-stabilized antisolvent precipitation enables engineering of microcrystalline niclosamide for inhalable composite powders.
Article in International journal of pharmaceutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Niclosamide and colistin sulfate exhibit strong in vitro synergistic activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens in cystic fibrosis; however, their co-formulation for inhaled delivery is constrained by differences in physicochemical properties and the high drug loading required for activity. Here, we report a formulation-focused strategy to enable excipient-minimized pulmonary co-delivery of niclosamide with colistin sulfate by engineering microparticles through liquid antisolvent precipitation followed by spray drying. Colistin sulfate was intentionally leveraged as a surface-active crystallization excipient, functioning both as an antimicrobial agent and as an interfacial stabilizer during niclosamide microcrystal formation. By varying the colistin:niclosamide molar ratio, median niclosamide particle size could be tuned from ∼7.7 µm at 1:1 to ∼1.3 µm at 24:1. Colistin adsorption inverted particle surface charge and suppressed time-dependent growth, consistent with interfacial stabilization during crystallization. The COL-NIC 8:1 formulation was downstream-processed via spray drying (geometric median size = 1.46 ± 0.50 μm) and exhibited favorable aerosol performance when delivered using a medium-resistance dry powder inhaler (FPF < 5 µm 75.3 ± 1.0%). Solid-state characterization indicated that niclosamide retained its crystalline structure, with no evidence of strong interaction with colistin. Finally, a preliminary in vivo lung infection model was used to assess the feasibility of pulmonary administration and the antibacterial response of the co-processed formulation relative to a standard-of-care comparator. Together, these results establish a particle-engineering platform for producing high-drug-loading niclosamide-colistin inhalation powders, highlighting how one active ingredient can function as a processing aid for excipient-minimized co-delivery of antibiotic combinations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.