ArticleOsteoarthritis and cartilage2026
Raloxifene injections normalize age-related mechanical sensitization in female and male mice and augment intervertebral disc structure in old female mice.
Article in Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- An SSK1-loaded decellularized annulus fibrosus matrix-based PD hydrogel alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration through modulation of NF-κB signaling and ferroptosis.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveIntervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) is a prevalent contributor to low back pain, yet IVDD-modifying therapeutics are unavailable. Osteoporosis drug raloxifene reduces age- and sex-related IVDD and indications of pain in preclinical and early-stage clinical studies, but the impact of raloxifene on evoked and spontaneous pain-related behavior is unclear. This study evaluated the effects of raloxifene injections on IVD structure and function, and pain-related behavior in 4-month-old and 24-month-old, female and male mice.
designRaloxifene was injected to 4-month-old and 24-month-old, female and male mice for 4 weeks, 5×/week or 4 days. Mice were assayed for pain by mechanical sensitivity and gait dynamics, neurotransmitter substance P expression, and IVD biomechanical function, function and hydration.
resultsRaloxifene injections reduced mechanical sensitivity and IVD substance P in 4-month-old and 24-month-old mice of both sexes with age and sex-differences measured for gait dynamics and IVD morphology. Raloxifene reduced IVDD in 4-month-old and 24-month-old female mice (4-month-old: -44%, p=0.03;24-month-old: -32%, p=0.02), but did not affect male IVDD grade (4-month-old: +7%, p=0.35; 24-month-old: -14%, p=0.34). Similarly, raloxifene increased propel-stance duration in 24-month-old female mice by 4% (p=0.01), but did not affect gait in 24-month-old male mice(-0.4%, p=0.94). Using microMRI, 4 days of raloxifene injections increased IVD hydration from baseline by 4% (p=0.046).
conclusionsRaloxifene injections significantly reduced IVDD in female mice and reduced mechanical sensitivity to evoked mechanical pain in both male and female mice, suggesting that raloxifene may serve as a therapeutic for painful age-related IVDD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.