Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41863912›Full record

ArticleVaccine2026

Sex-based differences in mumps immunity after a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine.

Huy Quang Quach, Tamar Ratishvili, Iana H Haralambieva, Inna G Ovsyannikova, Gregory A Poland, Richard B Kennedy

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Huy Quang QuachMayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Tamar RatishviliMayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Iana H HaralambievaMayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Inna G OvsyannikovaMayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Gregory A PolandMayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Richard B KennedyMayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: kennedy.rick@mayo.edu.

Funding

Systems Biology of Mumps Vaccine ResponseR01AI138965 · NIAID · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI KENNEDY, RICHARD B · 2018 to 2022
$3.9M
Genetic Markers of Long-Term Mumps Vaccine ImmunityR01AI127365 · NIAID · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI KENNEDY, RICHARD B · 2016 to 2020
$3.6M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI127365NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI138965
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA third dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR3) vaccine is recommended for mumps outbreak control, but the magnitude and durability of MMR3-induced immunity and the effect of sex on those outcomes, remain incompletely characterized.

methodsA total of 214 healthy individuals with two prior MMR doses received MMR3. Blood samples were collected at baseline (D0), day 28 (D28), and 18 months (M18) post-vaccination. Mumps-specific IgG, IgG avidity, and neutralizing antibodies (nAb) were measured by IgG ELISA and plaque reduction microneutralization assay. Cytokine and chemokine secretions from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were profiled using multiplex assay.

resultsMedian IgG sample index values increased from 2.12 at D0 to 2.64 at D28 (p = 0.0019), and 2.85 at M18 (p < 0.001). IgG avidity rose slightly from 79.54% at D0 to 81.88% at D28 and 86.87% at M18. nAb titers (ND

conclusionsMMR3 conferred limited additional humoral and cellular immune benefits, with notable sex-dependent effects. These findings support MMR3 use primarily in outbreak settings and identify IP-10 as a potential biomarker associated with MMR3 immunogenicity.

Indexed as

Measles-Mumps-Rubella VaccineMumpsAdolescentAdultAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralAntibody AffinityCytokinesFemaleHumansImmunization, SecondaryImmunoglobulin GLeukocytes, MononuclearMaleMumps virusSex FactorsAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralCytokinesImmunoglobulin GMeasles-Mumps-Rubella VaccineAntibody avidityAntibody responsesCytokineMMRMMR3Mumps

Identifiers

PMID41863912
PMCPMC13270721

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.