Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41863795›Full record

ArticleCell reports2026

Aging disrupts sympathetic innervation of the thymus.

Randall S Carpenter, Farzana Begum, Maria K Lagou, Mahamudun Bhuiyan, Hillary Guzik, Vera DesMarais, George S Karagiannis, Maria Maryanovich

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. The Role of the Nervous System in Lung Disease.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Randall S CarpenterDepartment of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Farzana BegumDepartment of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Maria K LagouDepartment of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Montefiore-Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
Mahamudun BhuiyanDepartment of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Hillary GuzikAnalytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Vera DesMaraisDepartment of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Analytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Montefiore-Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
George S KaragiannisDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Montefiore-Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Integrated Imaging Program for Cancer Research, Montefiore-Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy Institute, Montefiore-Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Marilyn and Stanley M. Katz Institute for Immunotherapy for Cancer and Inflammatory Disorders, Montefiore-Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
Maria MaryanovichDepartment of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Montefiore-Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy Institute, Montefiore-Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bronx, NY, USA. Electronic address: maria.marianovich@einsteinmed.edu.

Funding

WORD PROCESSORP30CA013330 · NCI · YESHIVA UNIVERSITY · PI Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso · 1985 to 2026
$111.2M
Regulation of hematopoietic stem cell niche aging by the sympathetic nervous systemR01HL174801 · NHLBI · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI Maria Marianovich · 2024 to 2026
$1.7M
Regulation of thymus function and aging by the sympathetic nervous systemR21AG091008 · NIA · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI KARAGIANNIS, GEORGE S, MARIANOVICH, MARIA · 2025 to 2025
$462k
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA013330NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL174801NIA NIH HHS R21 AG091008
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The thymus, a primary lymphoid organ essential for lifelong T cell development, undergoes progressive age-related involution. The thymus is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), but the extent of innervation and its relationship to the microenvironment or age-related involution remain unclear. Here, we provide a detailed mapping of thymic sympathetic innervation using advanced imaging methods to characterize its distribution and relationship with vascular structures, capsule, and stromal compartments. In contrast to previous studies, we provide direct evidence that aging leads to profound deterioration of thymic sympathetic innervation. Age-associated axonal degeneration in the thymus includes collapsing of axon-vascular structures, reduced axonal volume, nerve fiber fraying, and loss of axonal synapses. We also demonstrate that sympathectomy impairs thymic homeostasis, whereas sympathomimetic treatment enhances its function in aged mice. Our findings challenge the paradigm of age-related increase in thymic innervation, establishing the SNS as an underappreciated regulator of thymic function and aging.

Indexed as

CP: immunologyCP: neuroscienceimmune agingneuroimmunologysympathetic nervous systemthymic innervationthymic microenvironmentthymopoiesisthymustissue clearingwhole-tissue imagingβ-adrenergic signaling

Identifiers

PMID41863795
PMCPMC13155197

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.