Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41863507›Full record

ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2026

Projected Effects of Changing Global Tuberculosis Epidemiology on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Immunoreactivity Prevalence, 2024-2050.

Michelle Machado, Aria Ed Jordan, Alvaro Schwalb, Rein M G J Houben, Peter J Dodd, Katie Dale, Kevin Schwartzman, Jonathon R Campbell

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Michelle Machado
Aria Ed Jordan
Alvaro Schwalb
Rein M G J Houben
Peter J Dodd
Katie Dale
Kevin Schwartzman
Jonathon R Campbell

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We assessed how evolving global tuberculosis (TB) trends might influence Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunoreactivity and TB risk among persons immigrating to low-incidence countries. We projected annual risk for infection (ARI) in 168 countries for 2024-2050, focusing on China, India, the Philippines, and Vietnam. We applied projections to the age profile of immigrants to 4 low-incidence countries to estimate changes in M. tuberculosis immunoreactivity prevalence and TB risk under status quo and accelerated ARI decline scenarios. In the status quo 2024 estimate, M. tuberculosis immunoreactivity prevalence ranged from 14.7% in China to 40.1% in the Philippines, declining to 5.8% in China and 23.0% in the Philippines by 2050; TB risk also declined. Accelerated ARI reductions yielded greater relative decreases in disease risk than immunoreactivity prevalence. Declining global TB incidence could reduce M. tuberculosis immunoreactivity and disease risk among immigrant populations, which could inform cost-benefit analyses for future TB screening strategies in low-incidence settings.

Indexed as

Mycobacterium tuberculosisTuberculosisGlobal HealthHumansIncidencePrevalencebacteriaglobal healthinfectious diseasemodelingpreventionpublic healthrespiratory infectionsTBtuberculosis and other mycobacteria

Identifiers

PMID41863507
PMCPMC13016019

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.