Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41863317›Full record

ArticleJournal of analytical toxicology2026

Determination of specific absorbance (A¦) for four designer benzodiazepines.

Bryan Shou-Chung Ku, Jay R Vargas

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of analytical toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Bryan Shou-Chung KuSchool of Criminal Justice and Criminalistics, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States.
Jay R VargasSchool of Criminal Justice and Criminalistics, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States.ORCID 0009-0002-6184-7945

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Specific absorbance (A¦) is a unitless value defined as the absorbance of a 1% (w/v) solution measured at a 1 cm path length. Establishing reliable specific absorbance values allows forensic toxicology laboratories to verify the concentration of analytical stock solutions. Designer benzodiazepines have appeared with increasing frequency in forensic casework but often lack validated reference values. This study determined specific absorbance values for bromazolam, etizolam, flualprazolam, and flubromazepam using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy in an aqueous acidic solution. Measurements were collected in duplicate at three concentrations across three days at the wavelength of maximum absorbance for each compound. Inter-run and intra-run variability were evaluated using the coefficient of variation, and the reliability of the values was classified according to Clarke's Analysis of Drugs and Poisons criteria. The experimentally derived values reported here provide reference information that may assist laboratories in verifying analytical standards for emerging benzodiazepines.

Indexed as

BenzodiazepinesDesigner DrugsForensic ToxicologyDiazepamHumansReproducibility of ResultsSpectrophotometry, UltravioletBenzodiazepinesDesigner DrugsDiazepametizolam

Identifiers

PMID41863317
PMCPMC13211992

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.