ArticleTropical medicine & international health : TM & IH2026
Spatiotemporal Patterns and Socioeconomic Determinants of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Piauí, Northeast Brazil, 2001-2024.
Article in Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains a major public health problem, strongly associated with social and territorial inequalities. This study aimed to analyse temporal trends, spatiotemporal transmission patterns and socioeconomic determinants of PTB in the state of Piauí, Northeast Brazil, from 2001 to 2024.
methodsAn ecological study was conducted using official surveillance data on newly reported PTB cases at the municipal level. Temporal, spatial and spatiotemporal analytical methods were applied to investigate long-term trends, transmission patterns and socioeconomic determinants associated with PTB incidence.
resultsA total of 17,186 PTB cases were reported. Time-series analysis showed a sustained decline in incidence between 2001 and 2015, followed by a period of gradual recovery starting in 2016. Seasonality remained stable, with peaks occurring between April and June. Persistent spatial heterogeneity was identified, with higher-risk clusters concentrated in urban municipalities. Multivariate spatiotemporal time-series analysis revealed the predominance of the endemic component, with a secondary contribution from the autoregressive component and minimal contribution from the spatiotemporal component. In the spatial Bayesian analysis, PTB incidence was associated with AIDS incidence (Relative Risk [RR] = 1.11; 95% Credible Interval [CrI]: 1.05-1.18), the number of nurses per 1000 inhabitants (RR = 1.08; 95% CrI: 1.03-1.13) and per capita municipal health expenditure (RR = 0.94; 95% CrI: 0.89-0.98).
conclusionsPTB in the Piauí exhibited heterogeneous spatiotemporal patterns, being sustained primarily by endemic factors and persistent structural inequalities. Control strategies should be territorially targeted, considering local transmission patterns and the identified determinants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.