Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41862774›Full record

ReviewCurrent nutrition reports2026

The Relationship Between Dietary Sodium Intake and Cognitive Function: A Narrative Review.

Samantha L Gardener, M Fu, L Morini, T Schwartzkopff, G Savage, R N Martins, S R Rainey-Smith

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current nutrition reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Samantha L GardenerCentre of Excellence for Alzheimer's disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia. s.gardener@ecu.edu.au.
M FuSchool of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
L MoriniAlzheimer's Research Australia, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.
T SchwartzkopffCentre of Excellence for Alzheimer's disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
G SavageSchool of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
R N MartinsCentre of Excellence for Alzheimer's disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
S R Rainey-SmithCentre of Excellence for Alzheimer's disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewThis narrative review provides discussion on current evidence regarding the relationship between sodium intake and cognitive function in animal and human studies, as well as potential mechanisms underlying this relationship. RECENT

findingsRecent evidence suggests high sodium intake is associated with development of cognitive impairment and neural dysfunction. Additionally, studies have proposed that high sodium intake is associated with increased aggregation of Aβ-amyloid and that hypertension (for which high sodium intake is a risk factor) modulates the relationship between Aβ-amyloid and development of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. However, while animal studies demonstrate a consistent relationship between high sodium intake and cognitive impairment, this relationship remains less clear in humans. Overall, mixed results were observed regarding whether sodium intake is associated with cognitive function. To a certain extent, the findings from this review support the notion that high sodium intake could be having a negative impact on middle and older-aged individuals’ cognitive health. Further exploration of the relationship between dietary sodium intake and cognition is needed in well characterised human cohorts, using comprehensive assessment of cognitive function. Furthermore, given self-report sodium intake can give over- or under-reported levels, the addition of 24-hour urinary sodium levels would enhance research findings and its interpretation.

Indexed as

CognitionCognitive DysfunctionEatingSodium, DietaryAgedAnimalsHumansMiddle AgedSodium, DietaryAlzheimer’s diseaseCcognitionHypertensionSaltSodium

Identifiers

PMID41862774
PMCPMC13004737

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.