Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41862751›Full record

ArticleNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2026

Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis: a joint position paper from the Italian Societies of Neurology (SIN) and of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology - Laboratory Medicine(SIBioC) and from the Autonomous Association affiliated with SIN for dementia (SINdem).

Lorenzo Gaetani, Luisa Agnello, Andrea Pilotto, Alberto Benussi, Annachiara Cagnin, Lucilla Parnetti, Marco Bozzali, Alessandro Padovani, Marcello Ciaccio, Italian Society of Neurology (SIN) Study Group on Biomarkers in Neurology and 1 more

Abstract readConsensus Statement
In one paragraph

Article in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Lorenzo Gaetani *Section of Neurology, Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, University Hospital S. Maria Della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy. lorenzo.gaetani@unipg.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3967-8954
Luisa Agnello *Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Andrea Pilotto *Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Alberto BenussiNeurology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
Annachiara CagninDepartment of Neuroscience (DNS) and Padua Neuroscience Centre (PNC), University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
Lucilla ParnettiSection of Neurology, Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, University Hospital S. Maria Della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy.
Marco Bozzali *Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
Alessandro Padovani *Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Marcello Ciaccio *Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Italian Society of Neurology (SIN) Study Group on Biomarkers in Neurology
Italian Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology –Laboratory Medicine (SIBioC) Study Group on Neurological Markers

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBlood-based biomarkers are reshaping the diagnostic paradigm of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), offering a minimally invasive alternative to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET). However, their clinical implementation requires harmonized analytical validation, standardized procedures, and clear guidance on appropriate use and interpretation.

methodsThis joint position paper was developed by the Study Groups on Biomarkers in Neurology of the Italian Society of Neurology (SIN) and the Italian Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology – Laboratory Medicine (SIBioC), together with the Autonomous Association affiliated with SIN for Dementia (SINdem). A multidisciplinary panel of neurologists and laboratory experts systematically reviewed current evidence, international guidelines, and regulatory frameworks to formulate consensus recommendations for clinical adoption in Italy.

resultsAmong available plasma biomarkers, phosphorylated tau at threonine 217 (p-tau217), alone or as a ratio with amyloid-β42, shows the highest diagnostic accuracy, approaching CSF and PET performance. Fully automated platforms ensure analytical robustness and reproducibility. The document provides detailed guidance on pre-analytical handling, test selection, and reporting standards, emphasizing appropriate clinical indications and the need for contextual interpretation considering confounders such as advanced age or renal dysfunction.

conclusionsThis position paper defines a unified framework for integrating plasma biomarkers into AD diagnostic pathways, bridging neurology and laboratory medicine. It highlights key steps toward regulatory inclusion in the Italian healthcare system and quality-assured clinical practice.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseBiomarkersNeurologytau ProteinsAmyloid beta-PeptidesHumansItalySocieties, MedicalAmyloid beta-PeptidesBiomarkerstau ProteinsAlzheimer’s diseaseClinical implementationDiagnostic frameworkItalyPlasma biomarkersP-tau217P-tau217/Aβ42

Identifiers

PMID41862751
PMCPMC13004748

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.