Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41862658›Full record

ReviewNature methods2026

Open and sustainable AI: challenges, opportunities and the road ahead in the life sciences.

Gavin Farrell, Eleni Adamidi, Rafael Andrade Buono, Mihail Anton, Omar Abdelghani Attafi, Salvador Capella Gutierrez, Emidio Capriotti, Leyla Jael Castro, Davide Cirillo, Lisa Crossman and 20 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature methods, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Embedding AI in biology - part 2.Nature methods · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

30 authors.

Gavin FarrellDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5166-8551
Eleni AdamidiAthena Research & Innovation Center, Aigialias & Chalepa, Marousi, Greece.
Rafael Andrade BuonoVIB Data Core, VIB.AI Center for AI & Computational Biology, Ghent, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6675-3836
Mihail AntonELIXIR Europe Hub, EMBL-EBI South Building, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7753-9042
Omar Abdelghani AttafiDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Salvador Capella GutierrezBarcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0309-604X
Emidio CapriottiDepartment of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Leyla Jael CastroZB MED Information Centre for Life Sciences, Cologne, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3986-0510
Davide CirilloBarcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4982-4716
Lisa CrossmanSequenceAnalysis.co.uk, Norwich, UK.
Christophe DessimozDepartment of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Alexandros DimopoulosInstitute for Fundamental Biomedical Science, Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4602-2040
Raúl Fernández-DíazSchool of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7383-6568
Styliani-Christina FragkouliInstitute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4067-7123
Carole GobleDepartment of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1219-2137
Wei GuLuxembourg National Data Service, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
John M HancockInstitute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Alireza KhanteymooriDepartment of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6811-9196
Tom LenaertsMachine Learning Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3645-1455
Fabio G LiberanteELIXIR Europe Hub, EMBL-EBI South Building, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0192-5385
Peter MaccallumELIXIR Europe Hub, EMBL-EBI South Building, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5260-5915
Alexander Miguel MonzonDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-8218
Magnus PalmbladLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5865-8994
Lucy PovedaSwiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Ovidiu RadulescuLPHI, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6453-5707
Denis C ShieldsSchool of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4015-2474
Shoaib SufiDepartment of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Thanasis VergoulisAthena Research & Innovation Center, Aigialias & Chalepa, Marousi, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0555-4128
Fotis PsomopoulosInstitute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece. fpsom@certh.gr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0222-4273
Silvio C E TosattoDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. silvio.tosatto@unipd.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4525-7793

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) 460234259/NFDI
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has seen transformative breakthroughs in the life sciences, expanding possibilities to interpret biological information at an unprecedented capacity. To maximize return on growing investments and accelerate progress, it is urgent to address long-standing research challenges arising from the rapid adoption of AI methods. We review the erosion of trust in AI outputs driven by poor reusability and reproducibility, and highlight their impact on environmental sustainability. Furthermore, we discuss the fragmented components of the AI ecosystem and lack of guiding pathways to support open and sustainable AI model development. In response, this Perspective introduces practical open and sustainable AI recommendations mapped to over 300 ecosystem components and provides guiding implementation pathways. Our work connects researchers with relevant AI resources, facilitating the implementation of sustainable, reusable and reproducible AI. Built upon community consensus and aligned to existing efforts, these outputs will aid future policy development and structured pathways for guiding AI implementation.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceBiological Science DisciplinesEcosystemHumans

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.