Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41862602›Full record

ReviewNature biotechnology2026

Generalist biological artificial intelligence in modeling the language of life.

Vishwanatha M Rao, Serena Zhang, Brian S Plosky, Patrick D Hsu, Bo Wang, James Zou, Marinka Zitnik, Eric J Topol, Pranav Rajpurkar

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Vishwanatha M RaoDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0080-7299
Serena ZhangDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Brian S PloskyArc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-5892-3017
Patrick D HsuArc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Bo WangVector Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9620-3413
James ZouDepartment of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8880-4764
Marinka ZitnikDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8530-7228
Eric J TopolScripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA. etopol@scripps.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1478-4729
Pranav RajpurkarDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. pranav_rajpurkar@hms.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8030-3727

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Generalist biological artificial intelligence (GBAI) represents a transformative approach to modeling the 'language of life'-the flow of information from DNA to cellular function. This Review synthesizes rapid advances in biological AI to interpret and generate DNA, RNA, proteins and cellular systems. We chart a course toward comprehensive systems that can concurrently process and predict across these domains, performing several critical biological tasks simultaneously. Substantial opportunities lie in synergizing language and structural AI, leveraging specialized models and improving AI agents for autonomous discovery. After addressing challenges in data, biological complexity, scalability and experimental validation, GBAI has the potential to deepen our understanding of disease pathways and biomarkers, advance automated therapeutic design and evaluation, and integrate within virtual cells to meaningfully simulate biological activity.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceModels, BiologicalAnimalsArtificial LifeDNAHumansDNA

Identifiers

PMID41862602

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.