ArticleEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2026
Guideline-directed heart failure pharmacotherapy and depression/anxiety: a scoping review of heart failure and related cardiovascular populations.
Article in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Metallomic Dysregulation and Cardiovascular Disease: Essential Trace Elements, Non-essential Metal Exposure, and Heart Failure Risk: A Systematic Review.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHeart failure is a chronic and progressive condition affecting millions worldwide, often accompanied by psychological comorbidities such as depression and anxiety. These conditions adversely impact quality of life, treatment adherence, and prognosis. Understanding how pharmacologic therapy influences mental health is essential for comprehensive care.
methodsA scoping review was conducted using PubMed and other databases to identify studies published between 2000 and 2024 assessing the effects of heart failure treatments on depression and anxiety. Seventy studies, including randomized controlled trials and observational analyses, met the inclusion criteria. This scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
resultsFindings revealed heterogeneous and often indirect associations between heart failure pharmacotherapies and mental health outcomes. Beta-blockers showed variable associations, with some studies reporting depressive symptoms potentially influenced by fatigue and sleep-related side effects. ACE inhibitors and ARBs have been associated with lower depression and anxiety symptom scores in some cohorts, though findings are heterogeneous and of uncertain clinical significance. ARNI therapy has been associated with improvements in quality-of-life measures that include mental health domains, while direct effects on depression and anxiety remain uncertain. Evidence for MRAs, diuretics, nitrates, and SGLT-2 inhibitors was limited or mixed, with mental health outcomes rarely assessed as primary endpoints.
conclusionsCurrent evidence suggests heterogeneous and largely non-causal associations between heart failure pharmacotherapy and mental health outcomes. Observed relationships may reflect improvements in heart failure symptoms and quality of life rather than direct neuropsychiatric effects. These findings underscore the importance of integrated psychocardiology approaches and highlight the need for heart failure–specific studies using standardized mental health endpoints.
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Registered trials
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