Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41862498›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

AP-1 mediates cellular adaptation and memory formation.

Jingxin Li, Pavithran T Ravindran, Aoife O'Farrell, Gianna T Busch, Ryan H Boe, Zijian Niu, Sean Woo, Margaret C Dunagin, Naveen Jain, Yogesh Goyal and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Multiplexed enrichment and tracking of lineages with CloneSweeper.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Trainable computation in molecular networks.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Lineage memory shapes viral resistance barriers in human skin.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Adaptation by stochastic tuning of gene expression in mammalian cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Jingxin LiGenetics and Epigenetics, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Pavithran T RavindranCancer Biology Program, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Aoife O'FarrellDepartment of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Gianna T BuschDepartment of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Ryan H BoeGenetics and Epigenetics, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Zijian NiuDepartment of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Sean WooDepartment of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Margaret C DunaginDepartment of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8344-2570
Naveen JainGenetics and Epigenetics, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Yogesh GoyalDepartment of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3502-6465
Kavitha SarmaThe Wistar Institute, Gene Expression and Regulation program, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3045-210X
Meenhard HerlynThe Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0839-0739
Arjun RajDepartment of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. arjunrajlab@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-6960

Funding

MEDICAL SCIENTIST TRAINING PROGRAMT32GM007170 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI BRASS, LAWRENCE F · 1985 to 2022
$54.0M
Training Program in Computational GenomicsT32HG000046 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI JUNHYONG KIM, Mingyao Li · 1999 to 2026
$9.5M
Decoding the bridges and barriers to cellular reprogramming and lineage identityR01GM137425 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI JAIN, RAJAN, RAJ, ARJUN · 2019 to 2023
$5.6M
An integrated approach to melanoma metastasis and therapy resistance: effects of age-related changes in the ECM and the biomechanics of the skinR01CA232256 · NCI · WISTAR INSTITUTE · PI CUKIERMAN, EDNA, RAJ, ARJUN · 2019 to 2023
$3.0M
Understanding and Overcoming Resistance to BRAF/MEK Kinase Inhibitors in MelanomaR01CA238237 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI HERLYN, MEENHARD F, RAJ, ARJUN · 2020 to 2024
$2.9M
ADNP mechanisms in R-loop regulation during differentiationR01GM143229 · NIGMS · WISTAR INSTITUTE · PI SARMA, KAVITHA · 2022 to 2025
$1.7M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA232256NCI NIH HHS R01 CA238237NHGRI NIH HHS T32 HG000046NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM137425NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM143229NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007170
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cellular responses to environmental stimuli are typically thought to be governed by genetically encoded programs. We demonstrate that cancer cells can form and maintain cellular memories when becoming drug resistant, exhibiting characteristics of cellular learning that are dependent on the transcription factor AP-1. We show that cells exposed to a low dose of therapy adapt to become resistant to a high dose, demonstrating that cells can adapt during this time of stress. The application of therapy itself results in the encoding of transient gene expression into cellular memory and that this encoding occurs for both transiently induced and probabilistically arising expression. Chromatin accessibility shows concomitant persistence. A two-color AP-1 reporter system shows that these memories are encoded in cis, constituting an example of activating cis epigenetics. Our findings establish the formation and maintenance of cellular memories as a critical aspect of gene regulation during the development of therapy resistance.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PhysiologicalDrug Resistance, NeoplasmTranscription Factor AP-1AnimalsCell Line, TumorChromatinEpigenesis, GeneticEpigenetic MemoryGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansChromatinTranscription Factor AP-1

Identifiers

PMID41862498
PMCPMC13168276

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.