ArticleJornal de pediatria
Cardiometabolic risk in adolescents: prevalence and associated factors from a population-based survey (2008-2015).
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Abstract
objectiveTo investigate lipid profile alterations and their associated sociodemographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors among adolescents living in São Paulo in 2008 and 2015.
methodsThe authors analyzed data from the ISA-Capital study, a population-based cross-sectional survey, including 448 adolescents (12-19 years). Socioeconomic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and biochemical data were collected. Cardiometabolic risk factors assessed included high blood pressure, obesity, increased waist circumference, dyslipidemia, and lipid profile alterations. Statistical analyses included Chi-square tests, t-tests/Wilcoxon tests, and logistic regression models (p < 0.05).
resultsDyslipidemia was the most prevalent risk factor (67.6%; 95% CI 63.1-71.8), with low HDL-c affecting 52.4% (95% CI 47.7-57.0). High blood pressure and obesity were observed in 16.1% (95% CI 12.9-19.7) and 11.7% (95% CI 9.0-15.1) of adolescents, respectively. 7% had 3 or more risk factors. Compared to 2008, adolescents in 2015 were twice as likely to present high blood pressure (OR = 2.04; p = 0.011). Older adolescents had lower odds of obesity (OR = 0.83; p = 0.024) but were more likely to have increased waist circumference (OR = 1.22; p = 0.027) and high blood pressure (OR = 1.17; p = 0.017). Adolescents self-declared as non-white had lower odds of dyslipidemia (OR = 0.59; p = 0.018) and high triacylglycerol (OR = 0.58; p = 0.012). Higher household education was associated with lower risk of presenting dyslipidemia (OR = 0.54; p = 0.004). Physically active adolescents had lower odds of high LDL-c (OR = 0.48; p = 0.045).
conclusionThe elevated prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, particularly dyslipidemia, underscores the need for targeted preventive strategies among adolescents in São Paulo.
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