SynthesisMedicine2026
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy, long-term survival and safety of different PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy in recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Therapeutic Innovations in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Current Strategies and Emerging Perspectives.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a poor prognosis, largely due to immune escape. The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligand, PD-L1, play critical roles in this immune evasion. Consequently, blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway with immune checkpoint inhibitors has become an established therapeutic strategy.
methodsWe performed a systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies published up to November 14, 2024, investigating PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in recurrent or metastatic NPC. The analyzed outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), 1-year PFS rate, 1-year OS rate, objective response rate, disease control rate, and adverse events (AEs).
resultsNine studies (comprising 10 datasets with 883 NPC patients) were included, consisting of 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 7 single-arm studies. The pooled analysis demonstrated a median PFS of 4.21 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.47-5.95; P = .000; I2 = 78.5%) and a median OS of 16.27 months (95% CI: 14.60-17.94; P = .000; I2 = 0%). The pooled 1-year PFS rate was 43% (95% CI: 14%-73%; P = .004; I2 = 99.1%), and the 1-year OS rate was 80% (95% CI: 70%-91%; P = .000; I2 = 82.0%). The objective response rate was 45% (95% CI: 25%-64%; P = .000; I2 = 96.8%), and the disease control rate was 65% (95% CI: 48%-82%; P = .000; I2 = 96.4%). The incidence of any-grade AEs was 90% (95% CI: 74%-99%; P = .000; I2 = 94.1%), while grade ≥3 AEs occurred in 34% of patients (95% CI: 12%-61%; P < .001; I2 = 95.2%). No significant publication bias was identified.
conclusionThis meta-analysis summarizes the efficacy and safety profile of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in recurrent or metastatic NPC. The findings highlight the need for additional randomized controlled trials to further validate the role of these therapies and provide an updated reference for clinical practice.
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