ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2026
Human brucellosis in pregnancy in western Uganda: High seroprevalence and health risk factors identified in a cross-sectional study.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundHuman brucellosis is a neglected zoonosis that can cause anemia, miscarriage and pre-term birth, yet its burden during pregnancy in Uganda is unknown. This study determined the seroprevalence and associated risk factors for brucellosis among pregnant women at a Tertiary Hospital in Uganda. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the antenatal clinic of Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, western Uganda (September-December 2024). Consecutive participants provided sociodemographic and livestock-exposure data and 5 mL of venous blood was drawn. Sera were screened with the Rose Bengal Plate Test; all reactive samples and 10% of non-reactive samples were confirmed with an indirect IgG/IgM ELISA. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors independently associated with seropositivity with significance set at P < 0.05.
resultsOf 207 enrolled women (median gestation = 24 weeks), 29 were ELISA-confirmed seropositive, giving a prevalence of 14.0% (95% CI 9.2-18.8). Independent risk factors were lack of formal education (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.05, 95% CI 1.02-16.01), consumption of fresh milk or under-cooked meat (aOR 5.70, 95% CI 1.94-16.76), frequent contact with animal manure (aOR 3.29, 95% CI 1.29-8.47) and rearing livestock at home (aOR 3.75, 95% CI 1.36-10.32).
conclusionsOne in seven pregnant women in this mixed livestock-human ecosystem showed evidence of brucellosis, far above the WHO elimination threshold. Integrating RBPT-based screening into routine antenatal care, promoting milk pasteurization and safe meat preparation, improving manure handling and strengthening herd vaccination through One-Health collaboration could reduce maternal infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes in similar smallholder settings.
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