ArticlePediatric radiology2026
Developmental changes in diffusion MRI metrics along the perivascular space in children during the first 5 years of life.
Article in Pediatric radiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe glymphatic system contributes to waste clearance in the brain and helps in maintaining neural health.
objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the age-related changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of the index of diffusivity along the perivascular space (Along the Perivascular Space (ALPS) index) in infants and children less than 5 years of age. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant study utilized diffusion-weighted MRI data from the Baby Connectome Project (BCP), which scanned developing subjects between birth and 5 years. We randomly selected subjects older than 2 months without significant imaging artifacts. The ALPS index was computed using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-derived diffusivity metrics along projection and association fibers. Multivariable linear regression and ANOVA were used to assess the impact of age, sex, and motion on ALPS index values across hemispheres and age groups.
resultsWe analyzed 60 cases (58% female; mean age=25.4 months). ANOVA demonstrated higher right-hemisphere ALPS values in the 12-24-month, 37-48-month, and 49-65-month groups compared to the 2-12-month group (P<0.05), with no significant differences in the left hemisphere or average index, except in the 49-65-month group. Linear regression showed age as a positive predictor of ALPS values (P<0.001). Sex and head motion had no significant effects.
conclusionALPS index values increase with age during the first 5 years of life, particularly in the right hemisphere, suggesting early developmental asymmetry in perivascular water diffusivity. These findings provide normative reference data and may inform future pediatric neuroimaging studies.
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