Heterotrophic bacteria rapidly deplete essential macronutrients during growth and must navigate subsequent periods of growth arrest imposed by starvation. Nutrient limitations can be dynamic in nature, requiring ongoing regulatory adjustments involving new protein synthesis despite total biosynthetic activities being dramatically lower than during growth. Here, we have characterized the responses of the opportunistic pathogen IMPORTANCE: Molecular microbiology has traditionally focused on exponential growth in model organisms as the preferred context in which to study bacterial physiology, especially the regulation of new protein synthesis. However, in natural environments, including many infection contexts, bacteria frequently enter growth arrest due to nutrient limitation. The dynamics and regulation of protein synthesis in growth-arrested cells remain poorly understood, especially in pathogens. Furthermore, growth arrest increases tolerance to a variety of stresses, including many clinically used antimicrobials. We have conducted a comprehensive exploration of the proteins being made by growth arrested