Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41859776›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Combining blood biomarkers and the German version of the Dementia Screening Questionnaire for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (DSQIID-G) for diagnosing cognitive decline in Down syndrome.

Olivia Wagemann, Charlotte Götz, Elisabeth Wlasich, Katja Sandkühler, Catharina Prix, Anna Stockbauer, Lena Marth, Alexander Jäck, Steffen Halbgebauer, Hayrettin Tumani and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Olivia WagemannDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3211-9105
Charlotte GötzDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.
Elisabeth WlasichDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.
Katja SandkühlerDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.
Catharina PrixDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.
Anna StockbauerDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.
Lena MarthDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.
Alexander JäckDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.
Steffen HalbgebauerDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Hayrettin TumaniDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Günter U HöglingerDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.
Johannes LevinDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.
Georg NüblingDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.

Funding

Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) project CLINSPECT-M CLINSPECT-M (FKZ161L0214B)Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) project CLINSPECT-M FKZ161L0214CElse Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung 2022_EKEA.133Germany's Excellence Strategy within the framework of the Munich Cluster for Systems NeurologyVerum Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIndividuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, diagnosis remains challenging due to variability of intellectual ability and symptom presentation. To investigate whether serum AD biomarkers enhance accuracy of the German version of the Dementia Screening Questionnaire for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (DSQIID-G), we combined test scores with neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels.

methodsSeventy-eight DS individuals (49% female) completed the DSQIID-G; previous cohort data were added for a pooled sample (n = 164, 47% female). Serum NfL and GFAP were assessed using the automated microfluid Ella system.

resultsCombining the DSQIID-G with NfL or GFAP resulted in improved accuracy in every diagnostic subgroup. The Youden index in the pooled samples yielded a cut-off score at 6.5. DISCUSSION: The DSQIID-G is a robust screening tool and its combination with AD blood biomarkers aids earlier identification of individuals requiring further diagnostics for DS-associated AD.

Indexed as

BiomarkersCognitive DysfunctionDementiaDown SyndromeGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinIntellectual DisabilityNeurofilament ProteinsAdultAgedFemaleGermanyHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesBiomarkersGFAP protein, humanGlial Fibrillary Acidic Proteinneurofilament protein LNeurofilament ProteinsAlzheimer's diseaseblood biomarkerDementia Screening Questionnaire for Individuals with Intellectual DisabilitiesDown syndromeglial fibrillary acidic proteinneurofilament light chainscreening

Identifiers

PMID41859776
PMCPMC13093827

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.