ReviewFrontiers in medicine2026
Next-generation immune cell therapies for lung cancer: advances in CAR-T, NK, and TIL strategies.
Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advances in improving cancer immunotherapy with nanotechnology: from smart nanoparticles to synergistic combination strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Advances in neoadjuvant immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and current therapies offer limited survival benefit for patients with advanced disease. While immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies have improved outcomes in some populations, most patients either fail to respond or develop acquired resistance, highlighting the need for more potent and durable immunotherapeutic strategies. Next-generation immune cell therapies, including chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T), chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cells (CAR NK), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), provide a promising approach for lung cancers that are refractory to conventional treatment. These therapies leverage the patient's own immune system or engineered immune cells to directly recognize and eliminate malignant cells, while potentially overcoming immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of recent advances in the design, engineering, and clinical development of CAR T, CAR NK, and TIL therapies in both non-small cell and small cell lung cancer. We discuss preclinical and early clinical studies demonstrating feasibility, safety, and mechanisms of action, including antigen targeting, immune cell persistence, trafficking, and intratumoral activity. Key challenges, such as tumor antigen heterogeneity, immune suppression, limited durability, and off-tumor toxicity, are critically evaluated. We also examine emerging strategies to enhance efficacy, including multi-antigen targeting, armored and logic-gated constructs, regional delivery, combination with checkpoint inhibition or other modulators, and scalable off-the-shelf manufacturing platforms. Collectively, these next-generation immune cell therapies represent a rapidly evolving and translationally relevant approach that may expand therapeutic options, improve survival, and provide durable antitumor responses in patients with lung cancer who have exhausted conventional therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.