Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41859045›Full record

ArticleBiomedical reports2026

Advances in the management of neuroendocrine tumours: Evidence from a systematic review.

Andreea-Daniela Caloian, Sorin Deacu, Miruna Cristian, Laura Mazilu, Lavinia Simona Neculai-Candea, Andreea-Corina Ilie-Petrov, Radu Adrian Nitu, Carmen Aida Ciufu, Nicolae Ciufu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biomedical reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Andreea-Daniela CaloianDepartment of Oncology and Haematology, University Ovidius Constanta, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius Clinical Hospital, 905900 Constanta, Romania.
Sorin DeacuDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University Ovidius Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania.
Miruna CristianDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University Ovidius Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania.
Laura MaziluDepartment of Oncology and Haematology, University Ovidius Constanta, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius Clinical Hospital, 905900 Constanta, Romania.
Lavinia Simona Neculai-CandeaDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University Ovidius Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania.
Andreea-Corina Ilie-PetrovDepartment of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin D08 NHY1, Ireland.
Radu Adrian NituDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University Ovidius Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania.
Carmen Aida CiufuDepartment of Radiology, University Ovidius Constanta, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius Clinical Hospital, 905900 Constanta, Romania.
Nicolae CiufuDepartment of Surgery, University Ovidius Constanta, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius Clinical Hospital, 905900 Constanta, Romania.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are rare, biologically diverse neoplasms with a rising incidence due to improved diagnostics. Their management remains challenging, with multiple therapeutic strategies under evaluation. The present systematic review was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Literature searches were conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library and ScienceDirect between January 2018 and July 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies and observational analyses involving adult patients with NETs. The primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). A total of 271 studies were screened and 22 met the inclusion criteria. Median PFS across therapies ranged between 2 and 23 months, whereas OS ranged between 9.6 and 60 months, depending on treatment type. Dual checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab plus ipilimumab) demonstrated durable benefits, with OS time exceeding 55 months in some cohorts, whereas peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) achieved a median PFS time of 22.8 months compared with 8.5 months for high-dose octreotide. Furthermore, targeted agents, such as sunitinib and nintedanib, improved PFS to ~11 months, with OS time extending beyond 30 months. Chemotherapy regimens such as CAPTEM yielded a PFS of 7-11 months. In conclusion, the present study revealed that NET therapies show heterogeneous but clinically meaningful benefits. PRRT, targeted therapy and combination regimens were revealed to be associated with the most durable outcomes, whereas immunotherapy demonstrated promise in selected patients. Tailored approaches remain crucial to optimize survival and quality of life of patients.

Indexed as

neuroendocrine tumourspeptide receptor radionuclide therapysurgerysurvivalsystematic reviewtargeted therapytreatment

Identifiers

PMID41859045
PMCPMC12998419

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.