Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41858880›Full record

ArticleiScience2026

Tumors located in the brain impair the frequency and phenotype of dendritic cells in blood and tumor.

Bryan Gardam, Tessa Gargett, Eunwoo Nam, Sidra Khan, Rebecca J Ormsby, Santosh I Poonnoose, Julie M Bracken, Anupama Pasam, Sakthi Lenin, Briony L Gliddon and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Bryan GardamSchool of Medicine, College of Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Tessa GargettSchool of Medicine, College of Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Eunwoo NamSchool of Medicine, College of Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Sidra KhanCentre for Cancer Biology, Adelaide University and Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Rebecca J OrmsbyFlinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Santosh I PoonnooseSchool of Medicine, College of Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Julie M BrackenCentre for Cancer Biology, Adelaide University and Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Anupama PasamDepartment of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Sakthi LeninCentre for Cancer Biology, Adelaide University and Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Briony L GliddonCentre for Cancer Biology, Adelaide University and Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Melinda N TeaCentre for Cancer Biology, Adelaide University and Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Chloe L ShardCentre for Cancer Biology, Adelaide University and Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Stuart M PitsonSchool of Medicine, College of Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Guillermo A GomezCentre for Cancer Biology, Adelaide University and Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Katherine A PillmanCentre for Cancer Biology, Adelaide University and Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Shahneen SandhuDepartment of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Michael P BrownSchool of Medicine, College of Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Lisa M EbertSchool of Medicine, College of Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We demonstrate multiple DC defects in patients with brain tumors. This includes a profound reduction in the frequency of multiple DC subsets, diminished activation marker expression, and reduced Flt3L levels in cancer patients with brain tumors compared to those without. We also demonstrate reduced intra-tumoral DCs in brain compared to lung tumors. This is the first time DC subsets have been fully characterized in a range of brain tumor patients. Importantly, corticosteroid usage was closely associated with DC defects, highlighting the adverse effects of a standard symptomatic treatment on these critical immune cells. However, tumors located within the brain also directly contribute to DC defects. Finally, we identified several mouse brain tumor models that replicate key observations in patients and may be used to further understand this endogenous DC deficiency and to develop approaches to restore DCs, ultimately leading to new combination immunotherapies for the treatment of brain cancers.

Indexed as

immunologyoncology

Identifiers

PMID41858880
PMCPMC12997301

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.