ReviewFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2026
The therapeutic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes for retinal and optic nerve diseases.
Review in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-exos) represent a promising cell-free therapeutic strategy that offers significant advantages over cell transplantation in the treatment of retinal and optic nerve diseases. By mediating intercellular communication, these nanovesicles deliver bioactive cargo (miRNAs, proteins, lipids) that target key pathological processes such as neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, vascular dysfunction, and oxidative stress. This review aims to systematically summarize current knowledge on and critically evaluate the therapeutic potential of BMSC-exos for major retinal diseases (e.g., diabetic retinopathy, retinal degeneration, and retinal ischaemia) and optic nerve disorders (e.g., glaucoma and optic nerve injury). We review the biogenesis, cargo composition (especially key neuroprotective factors such as miR-21 and miR-146a), and intercellular communication mechanisms of BMSC-exos. Furthermore, we synthesize evidence describing their multifaceted therapeutic effects-including potent neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and proangiogenic activities-from
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