ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2026
Combinatorial Anti-Mitotic Activity of Loratadine/5-Fluorouracil Loaded Zein Tannic Acid Nanoparticles in Breast Cancer Therapy: In silico, in vitro and Cell Studies.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Chemotherapy, the first approach in breast cancer management, is limited owing to systemic toxicity and drug resistance. For instance, 5-fluorouracil in recommended doses cause severe side effects, highlighting the urgent necessity of finding more effective and safer combinations. Hence, this study aims to develop biocompatible natural-based nanocarriers for the co-delivery of loratadine, an antihistaminic drug along with 5-fluorouracil in order to enhance the anticancer efficacy while reducing the required dose of 5-fluorouracil. Methods: In silico virtual screening was performed to examine the probable molecular interactions between loratadine or 5-fluorouracil, individually with two different polymers, chitosan and zein, to determine the most suitable carrier system. Zein exhibited superior binding affinity compared to chitosan. Nanoparticle optimization was conducted using a Box-Behnken design with zein, tannic acid, and either loratadine or 5-fluorouracil concentration as independent variables. The optimized formulations were characterized by dynamic light scattering, entrapment efficiency, morphology, in-vitro release, followed by cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell-cycle analyses in MCF-7 cells. Results: The optimal formulation consisted of zein (50 mg), tannic acid (131.93 mg), and loratadine or 5-fluorouracil (5 mg). The optimized formulation of Loratadine loaded nanoparticles (NPs) showed a particle size of 197 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.153, zeta potential of -21.78 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 61.33%. Furthermore, the optimized 5-fluorouracil loaded nanoparticles exhibited a particle size of 231 nm, 0.170 for PDI, zeta potential of -24.01 mV, and EE of 74.91% for entrapment efficiency. The sustained drug release profile exhibited a controlled pattern over 24-48 h. Flow cytometry results showed that the mixed nanoparticles exhibited potent cytotoxicity equivalent to 5-fluorouracil loaded nanoparticles alone despite containing only half the 5-fluorouracil dose, confirming a potential synergistic effect. Conclusion: These findings confirmed the potential of drug-loaded nanoparticles as promising drug delivery systems for breast cancer management.
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